Customized Dyes

Most ATTO-TEC catalogue dyes carry a flexible four-atom linker for coupling to bio-molecules. However, on your request we can provide labels with a shorter or longer linker, whatever you prefer. On the other hand, if your research requires a rigid rather than flexible linking group, we will be able to help you. Furthermore we are ready to provide dyes with linkers that contain a disulfide bridge. On reduction of this group the linker is cut apart and so the label becomes separated from the bio-molecule.

There are many more possibilities to tune the properties of our dyes to your special needs, e.g. introduction of

• electrically positive or negative groups,
• hydrophilic groups for less non-specific binding to proteins and surfaces,
• hydrophobic substituents for better solubility in non-polar environments,
• substituents for shielding of the fluorophore,

If your application needs a reactive group other than the commonly used NHS-ester or maleimide, please let us know. We can introduce for instance coupling groups such as amino-, hydrazine-groups, fuctionalities for "Click-Chemistry" (azide- or alkyne-groups), iodoacetamide, lipids like sphingomyelin, 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, D-erythro-sphingosine etc. Furthermore we can provide ATTO-dyes conjugated to avidin, bungarotoxin, sec. antibodies etc. We are open for any suggestions you might have.

We also offer labels whose absorption and fluorescence vary with pH. In this regard ATTO-TEC has developed maleimides whose fluorescence evolves only on coupling to a bio-molecule.

If your application requires a bichromophoric dye featuring intramolecular energy transfer (FRET), we will be keen to assist you.

In the case you are looking for DNA intercalating dyes for fluorescence-staining of double- and single-stranded DNA we would be glad to assist you to find the right chromophore for your application.

Whatever your needs may be, send a mail to info@atto-tec.com.